Effects Of Rock And Classical Music On The Heart Rate Of...

Introduction Knowing how music affects heart rate can allow athletes to choose the correct music to make them more motivated and energized during their training sessions enhancing their performance and improving their competitive results; in addition knowledge of what genre of music could decrease their performance and times is equally important (Roth, 2013). It is important to know if the music has the ability soothe ill patients in hospitals as it may reduce their heart rate to in turn reduce their stress and discomfort levels (Edelson, n.d.). Knowing how music affects heart rate will allow people who suffer from stress, anxiety and/or disorders such as insomnia (abnormal inability to get enough sleep) to slow down their heart rate to relax and go to sleep easier and faster (Barnett, n.d.) The aim of this project is to determine the effects that rock and classical music have on the heart rate of grade 11 girls. Rock music will speed up the heart rate while classical music will slow down the heart rate of grade 11 girls. Literature Review Heading: Source 1 Title of article: Influence of Music on Heart Rate Variability and Comfort – A Consideration through Comparison of Music and Noise Reference: Umemura, M. Honda, K. (1998) Influence of Music on Heart Rate Variability and Comfort – A Consideration through Comparison of Music and Noise. J. Human Ergol. 27 (1, 2). p.30-38 Six university students (5 males and 1 female) between the ages of 21 and 36 yearsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Music Industry30024 Words   |  121 PagesMusic may be defined romantically as `the food of love (Shakespeare) or more prosaically as `sound with particular characteristics (Wikipedia), but it is undeniably a `vibrant artform (Arts Council England) and one which touches more people, in more ways, than any other art form. 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Helping At-Risk Teenagers Essay - 1605 Words

Some of the best ways to prepare American Teens to become successful adults is within the walls of their own homes and communities. Parents are the primary role models and first teachers to their children; communities help fill in the gaps when parents can’t be there. The reality that must be confronted is that childhood does not last forever. Adolescence is not a process that has a predetermined end date, nor is it a guarantee in this culture that if left to their own devices, teenagers will learn the values and skills they will need to become responsible adults. It is parents who set boundaries; give of their love, time and encouragement. Although teenagers will make their own choices, a good home life can increase the odds that†¦show more content†¦Teachers, church leaders, bosses, coaches and even strangers have an impact on a child’s life. By being positive role models, they influence children in positive ways. In fact, they can replace negative influences from an irresponsible parent. These community role models often reach children on different levels of trust because they are seen as friends. A high school student raised in a single parent home in an impoverished community statistically has a low chance of succeeding in life. This however can be changed by a network of adult figures in the community willing to take the time to mentor the child. Communities and parents are one of the many ways that teens can become successful adults. There are multiple solutions to this problem. We have discussed only a few in this paper. Others could be self-motivation or a diligent effort in developing a particular skill. There are multiple solutions to the problem because there are multiple causes. If just one of these causes can be eliminated, then the chances dramatically increase for the There is no one way of having a teen succeeds. Human beings are designed to overcome adversity and improve themselves; they just need to be pointed in the right direction. At risk youth can be described as following: youth who are headed towards becoming non self-supporting adults, headed for a life in institutions for delinquency, crime, mental illness, addiction, and dependency. (Stephens) It is problemShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Is A Big Problem958 Words   |  4 Pagesborn is outrages; teenagers are throwing their life away, by creating a new one who may suffer from the lack of parenting that they may provide. Am not saying that all teen parents are bad at parenting, some are great at it and give their all to their children but some will rather still party it up, still save the most they can from their teenager years. With that they like to go out and party it up, they will go out and drink all night long if they want, meanwhile the teenager parent are home talkingRead MoreEssay Perscription Drug Abuse among Teenagers1064 Words   |  5 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse among Teenagers ( 12-17 Years) Prescription Drugs are medications that are prescribed to patients by a doctor to help in many ways, such as relieve pain, treat symptoms of a disease, or to help fight an infection. They are very safe when used properly and under supervision of a physician, yet if used without approval of a doctor they can be very harmful and in some cases could lead to death. During your adolescence years, teens have curiosity which builds up andRead MoreSolving Teenage Pregnancy Is Help Find Shelters907 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctors who are willing to work with teenagers with lower-incomes or provide lower cost for treatment for teenagers in foster care. By doing this, the teenagers who are in foster care that are two and half times more likely to become pregnant would benefit and would be less likely to become pregnant. The shelter could also provide a means of helping pay for the cost of contraception and how they could be obtained. Foster parents or those who help with the teenagers i n foster care could offer adviceRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Effects On The United States951 Words   |  4 PagesMcKinnon, Rains, 2001). Only a third of teen mothers graduate from high school. Eight out of ten unmarried teen moms wind up on welfare. The children of teen moms do less well in school and are at a higher risk of neglect and abuse than children born to women age twenty and older (Bissell, 2000). Helping Hand group will be focusing on teenage mothers, ages fourteen to nineteen. 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Teenage pregnancy affects a large number of females in the United States, and Alabama has one of the highest rates. There are specific factors that make the youth of Alabama more vulnerable. The citizens of Alabama need to join together and be knowledgeable about why our youth is at such a high risk and how it can be changed. There is always a way to make a difference and the nurses in this communityRead MoreReasons for Adolescent Suicide Attempts1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe present text reports situations when an adolescent is at risk of suicide. Some of these situations are parts of depression, social pressure, drug abuse, and family difficulties. All of these factors make an adolescent feel overwhelmed and confused. There are many events that an adolescent goes through before taking their lives. Finding rates of suicide vary in males and females because the males use more fatal methods than females. 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Strategic Management In Non Governmental Organizations †Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management In Non Governmental Organizations. Answer: Background: The earlier decades have seen a model development in the quantity of universal Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), which have additionally developed as far as size and reach. NGOs have been an achievement in the majority of the underdeveloped and developing nations. These organizations have been very needy upon voluntary human support and money related assets and have supported in the improvement of the countries by using millions for the welfare of the group. Nonetheless, the expansion in the size and elements of these organizations has expanded the complexities, which request an appropriate orderly administration. This has offered ascend to the need of vital administration in NGOs so as to deal with the finance and the partners related with the organizations. Creating procedures to position the NGOs has turned into a confounded undertaking and has undermined the development and survival of these organizations (Brown, 2014). With a specific end goal to upgrade the learning of the vital patterns in the literature and to discover the gaps in the writing, this report shall offer a systematic literature review on strategic administration in NGOs. The accompanying areas might incorporate the goals, research questions, and significant discoveries of writing audit, strategic topics and the proposition of a future research motivation. Methodology: The real concentration of the literature review is Non-Governmental Organizations that assist powerless people by furnishing them with human and money related administrations, which are primarily overseen by volunteers. Restriction of space has resulted in the exclusion of religious organizations, proficient organizations, intergovernmental organizations, group based organizations and treaty based worldwide organizations. Also, the researcher has avoided environmental NGOs, administration NGOs, human rights NGOs and peace NGOs. The exploration has focused upon articles identified with vital administration in non-governmental organizations and the issues engaged with them. The articles have been chosen from the year 2013 till date utilizing Google Scholar. The search results brought about more than 100 articles on strategic administration in non- governmental organizations out of which 25 articles have been decided for the examination reason. The accompanying are a couple of imperative perspectives on which the examination has been based: Relationship of Non- governmental organizations with their contributors Relationship of the Non- governmental organizations with the Governments Non- governmental organizations coordination Non- governmental organizations responsibility Strategic effect of Non- governmental organizations Objective: The real target of the deliberate writing survey is to blend the data accessible in regards to the issues and significance of strategic administration in Non-governmental organizations. The report underscores upon the purposes for the fast development of Non-governmental organizations and the rising need of vital administration for the correct administration of the authoritative exercises. Audit Question: The precise writing audit is led keeping in mind the end goal to discover a response to the accompanying inquiries: What are the issues identified with vital administration looked by Non-governmental organizations? Why are the ramifications of vital administration imperative in Non-governmental organizations? What is the connection between authoritative execution and strategic administration? Strategic management in Non-governmental organizations: As indicated by Worth (2013),strategic management alludes to the improvement and execution of the targets and objectives and the means taken by the best administration of an association for the benefit of the proprietors while considering the accessible assets and the inward and outside conditions. Strategic administration gives an appropriate course to an association as per the authoritative goals. The authoritative supervisors are regularly engaged with creating models that should aid the vital basic leadership. Strategic arranging frequently includes natural examination, situation arranging, measuring and controlling execution and last assessment. Galaskiewicz (2016) expressed that there have been a few changes in the working of NGOs in the previous couple of years, which offer ascent to the significance of strategic administration in Non- governmental organizations. The adjustments in the worldwide governmental issues, new advancements, mechanical improvement and globalization, shortage of regular assets, changes in the atmosphere and the cultural and social changes have been the most vital elements that have offered ascend to the significance of strategic administration in Non-governmental organizations. The third division contains non-government and not-revenue driven organizations. The NGOs confront a few issues as absence of assets, absence of help from the contributors, insufficient corporate help, absence of polished methodology in the administration of NGOs and long haul supportability. Vital administration gives answer for every one of the issues looked by the NGOs. Keeping in mind the end goal to scale up the operati ons of NGOs, it is important to actualize strategic administration structure inside the organizations. Relationship of Non-governmental organizations with their contributors: The literature predominantly underscores upon the relationship of the Non-administrative organizations with the givers, who give assets to the Non-governmental organizations. A few specialists have contended that there has dependably been an unequal connection between the contributors and the Non-governmental organizations. As indicated by Renz (2016), non- governmental organizations and benefactors are reliant on each other. The NGOs require monetary capital while the benefactors are required to be perceived as successful in the appropriation of assets. This is conceivable just when they guarantee that they support effective organizations. The Non-governmental organizations have confronted a few issues in the past as far as worldwide governmental issues nonetheless; the NGOs have built up their organizations with the universal worldwide foundations, for example, World Trade Organization and the World Bank. The World Trade Organization has inspired the NGOs to take dynamic support in its policymaking procedure and during the time spent settling question with the prime thought process of securing the under- developed and developing nations. Despite what might be expected, as per Bryce (2017), the energy of the NGOs have been constrained while impacting World Trade Organization. Be that as it may, in the previous couple of years, the affecting energy of the NGOs has developed and they affect the legislatures and the worldwide foundations. Then again, as indicated by Butler and Wilson (2015), regardless of expansion, the Non-governmental organizations have restricted forces to affect the financial approaches of World Bank. However later on, the authorities at World Bank had empowered the administration borrowers by tolerating Non-governmental organizations as their improvement accomplices. The literature notices the importance of the contributors in the development and advancement of NGOs. As per Hill, Jones and Schilling (2014), the contributors give the NGOs the fundamental finance required to survive. Since the NGOs are not associated with any benefit making business, accordingly, they are totally needy upon contributors and volunteers. The neediness of the developing and under developed nations, alongside the disappointments of the residents with the legislatures prompted the development of NGOs. The NGOs have been engaged with a few exercises, for example, defending nature, society and human rights. They assume a vital part in the advancement and change of the social orders and the groups. Every one of these variables prompted the extension and development of the Non-governmental organizations. Relationship of Non-governmental organizations with the Governments: As indicated by Felcio, Gonalves and da Conceio Gonalves (2013), with the fast development and advancement of the Non-governmental organizations over the globe, the NGOs have been engaged with expansive scale exercises because of which their organizations with the administrations have turned into an imperative perspective. The NGOs frequently need to manage the political weight in a few nations with tyrant run the show. The NGOs frequently challenge the approaches of the Governments for the welfare of the general public particularly the poor areas of the general public with a specific end goal to defend their rights. The NGOs typically accentuate upon human rights, correspondence and ecological issues. In actuality, as indicated by Maier, Meyer and Steinbereithner (2016), the NGOs have been effective in setting up collective organizations with the administrations in a few countries. West (2014) specified that the NGOs confront gigantic worldwide weight in the Middle East for political change. The Non-governmental organizations have adjusted distinctive sorts of techniques while managing the legislatures of various nations. The significant procedures connected by the NGOs include cooptation, complimentary, collaboration, and encounter. The NGOs can impact the administrations in a superior way by winding up better organized and agent. Berman (2015) specified the routes in which NGOs can set up sound organizations with the legislatures and all the while guarantee their centre esteems. The literature notices the issues looked by the Non- governmental organizations because of the administration control and confinements. The legislature forces a few limitations over the exercises of the NGOs with a specific end goal to keep up their energy and position. Be that as it may, these limitations can be decreased or killed by building up organizations between the Non- governmental organizations and the legislatures. Non-administrative organizations coordination: As per Akingbola (2013), there has been constrained research led on NGO coordination in any case; suitable accentuation has been laid upon the coordination of the exercises and operations. The requirement for NGO coordination has expanded particularly in instances of universal alleviation operations. NGO coordination is to a great degree valuable in the midst of crises. The assistance and help of the NGOs amid the season of crises is extremely valuable. In any case, there are a few coordination issues among the NGOs and furthermore between the NGOs and the legislatures, which are seen amid times of crises. Then again, Almog-Bar and Schmid (2014) expressed that strategic administration is fundamental for upgrading the NGO coordination. Legitimate correspondence and mix are the strategic components of NGO coordination. The NGOs are required to investigate their adequacy at general interims. It is important to underline after getting dependable staff with specific information. The HR in NGOs are the most imperative resources who are constantly prepared to help. Non-administrative organizations responsibility: The developing power of the Non- governmental organizations regularly challenge the acts of political powers that includes open feedback, operational controls, scrutinizing the authenticity of the Non-governmental organizations and inquiries on the responsibility of the Non-governmental organizations. Malatesta and Smith (2014) have specified a few systems for enhancing the responsibility of the Non- governmental organizations. The few weaknesses as far as responsibility of NGOs include giving more prominent need to the contributors and lesser need to the recipients, underscoring more upon control than joint effort, unlikely objectives and falling prey to immense expenses. As per Wheelen and Hunger (2017), authenticity of Non- governmental organizations is needy upon their adequacy in creating methodologies for the advancement of a country or state. Accordingly, global NGOs must be responsible to the groups in the state or country where they execute their systems and projects. On the off chance that the Non-governmental organizations go for accomplishing their objectives and mission, they should be more responsible for their activities of bringing changes. Then again, Peppers and Rogers (2016) said that the requirement for NGO responsibility has been seen every which way with the thought process of enhancing the operations and exercises of the NGOs. The far reaching ways to deal with accountability of NGOs have not yet risen. In any case, the NGO responsibility is required to enable them to manage political assaults, upgrade their execution, fulfill the partners and give benchmarks that guarantee accomplishment of the destinations and objectives. Summary: Reasons for the development of NGOs: Assistance to the people in terms of monetary and human support Failure of the Government in assisting people Increase in the globalization Increase in the worldwide governmental issues Cultural and social changes Need forstrategic management in NGOs: Increase in the size of the organizations Increase in the complexities of the functions and activities Increasing relationships of the NGOs with the stakeholders Conclusion The expansion in the complexities of the outside condition of the Non-governmental organizations has expanded the need of vital administration inside the organizations. The NGOs have been engaged with a few exercises, for example, protecting nature, society and human rights. They assume a vital part in the advancement and change of the social orders and the groups. The adjustments in the worldwide governmental issues, new innovations, modern advancement and globalization, shortage of characteristic assets, changes in the atmosphere and the social and social changes have been the most critical variables that have offered ascend to the significance of strategic administration in Non-governmental organizations. The NGO supervisors need better expository devices for distinguishing and understanding the complexities. The strategic administration devices help in dealing with the relationship of the NGOs with the benefactors and governments alongside upgrading the responsibility and coordin ation. Execution of strategic administration devices causes the NGOs to enhance their general execution. Be that as it may, there is still absence of adequate research and writing on the execution of strategic administration apparatuses for enhancing the execution of the Non-governmental organizations. References: Akingbola, K. (2013). A model of strategic nonprofithuman resource management. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 24(1), 214-240. Almog-Bar, M., Schmid, H. (2014). Advocacy activities of nonprofit human service organizations: A critical review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 11-35. Berman, E. (2015). Performance and productivity in public and nonprofit organizations. Routledge. Brown, W. A. (2014). Strategicmanagement in nonprofit organizations. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Bryce, H. J. (2017). Financial and strategic management for nonprofit organizations. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015). Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Felcio, J. A., Gonalves, H. M., da Conceio Gonalves, V. (2013). Social value and organizational performance in non-profit social organizations: Social entrepreneurship, leadership, and socioeconomic context effects. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 2139-2146. Galaskiewicz, J. (2016). Social organization of an urban grants economy: A study of business philanthropy and nonprofit organizations. Elsevier. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Maier, F., Meyer, M., Steinbereithner, M. (2016). Nonprofit organizations becoming business-like: A systematic review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 45(1), 64-86. Malatesta, D., Smith, C. R. (2014). Lessons from resource dependence theory for contemporary public and nonprofit management. Public Administration Review, 74(1), 14-25. Peppers, D., Rogers, M. (2016). Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Renz, D. O. (2016). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W., Chesbrough, H. (2014). Open innovation: The next decade. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017). Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Worth, M. J. (2013). Nonprofit management: Principles and practice. Sage.

The Transformation of Collective Security Essay Example

The Transformation of Collective Security Essay Security is primarily an issue of a nations relations with other states or a group of states. This relationship among states which feel threatened by each other is exposed to the security dilemma. 6 It is generally argued that the security of nations cannot be defined in general terms, nor can it be determined objectively. 7 Definitions depend on states perception about threats and safety. Therefore, on security no precise definition has ever been achieved and probably never will be. 8 There appears to be almost a studied vagueness about the precise definition of terms such as security. This complexity is also related to the problem of which areas of life are the subject of security. In this regard, theoretical debate occurs between two views of security approach to security, the traditionalists, it is argued that identifying security issues is easy as they equate security with military issues and the use of force. 10 Traditionalists also strongly oppose the widening of security stud ies, as by such logic, issues like pollution, disease, child abuse or economic 5 Till, pop. Cit. , in note 1, p. 96. We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Collective Security specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Collective Security specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Transformation of Collective Security specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The security dilemma refers to the notion that a states efforts to increase its security by threatening another state, which then responds with steps to increase its own security, paradoxically erodes the first states security. See C. A. Checkup, The Case for Collective Security, in Downs, G. W. (De), Collective Security beyond the Cold War, ( USA: University of Michigan Press, 1994), up. 41-69. 7 A. V. Sausage, The Security of Western Europe, (London: Sherwood Press, 1985), p. 2. 8 C. Then, Problems of Transition in J. Alfred et al, Europe in Western Alliance, (London: MacMillan Press, 1988), p. 7. 9 G. Edwards and B. Burrows, The Defense of Western Europe , (Norfolk: Butterscotch, 1982), p. 91. 10 B. Abuzz et al, Security , A New Framework for Analysis, , ( London: Lonely Runnier pub. 1998), p. 3. 6 3 recessions could be viewed as threats to security. Here we see that the traditionalist view regards only military and political subjects as the focus of studies in the security field. Yet, this approach has entered an impasse and led to increasing dissatisfaction in explaining the events taking place in the international arena later on. As pointed out by one of the proponents of the wider approach, this dissatisfaction was stimulated first by the rise of the economic and environmental agendas in international relations during the sass and the sass and later by the rise of concerns with identity issues and transnational crime during the sass. 11 Today it is obvious that this narrow definition does not fully cover the parameters of the new security environment in the aftermath of the end of the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War and the break-up of the Soviet Union, the political and intellectual climate has changed. Studies in this regard have articulated very different views about how to define the concept of security. The narrow definition of security tends to focus on material capabilities and the use of military force by states. This, however, contrasts with the distinctions among military, political, economic, social, and environmental security threats. 12 Thus, with this transforming understanding of what security means today, the advocates of the wider approach concentrate on discussing the dynamics of security in five sectors, that is, military, political, economic, environmental and societal. This methodological framework also seems to better serve distinguishing security issues as hard and soft. 14 Faced with such a unavoidable due to the different analytical perspectives on the issue. Yet, in view of the presence of security risks of different natures, it is, at least from the practical point of view, a fact that security at present should be regarded as not merely, or even mainly, a matter 11 Ibid. , p. 2. P. J. Austenite (De), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in Word Politics , (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), up. -9. 13 See the introduction in Suzan, pop. It. , up. 1-21. 14 Generally speaking, security issues requiring military options and relating to defense are considered hard ones whereas others that require non-military measures such as conflict prevention are regarded as soft. But this distinction today appears to be less relevant in view of events and experience in world affairs. See for details M. T. Clare and D. C. Thomas (De) , World Security, ( New York: SST. Martins Press, 1991). 12 of military policy, but of broader economic and political policies. For threats to security are not necessarily of a military nature, but they might derive from various there reasons. In view of the above, one can draw two main conclusions. Irrespective of which subjects are to be considered in dealing with the security concept, it seems evident that security is about preservation of the existence of states. And, in this preservation effort, the military component is always present even if as a last resort. Similarly, threat perception and the nature of such perceived threats are important in determining whether and how the perceived threat should be viewed as a matter of security. This brings us to the concept of collective security. Here, similar to the conceptual problem in defining security, a precise definition of collective security mains elusive. Not only do definitions differ,which is bound to happen in public debate and scholarly discourse, but also some directly contradict each other. 18 In simple terms, collective security is related to efforts by a group of states to act together in order to better preserve their own security. The term has been used to describe everything from loose alliance systems to any period of history in which wars do not take place. This wide Serialization, in the words of Suzan, means a process by which the issue in question is presented as an existential threat, requiring emergency measures and justifying actions outside the normal bonds of political procedure. See Suzan, pop. Cit. , up. 23-24. 16 Ibid. , p. 24. 17 J. C. Garnett, Introduction: Conflict and Security in the new world order, in M. J. Davis, (De), Security Issues in the Post-Cold War, (I-J: Edward Legal Pub. Ltd, 1996), p. 10. 18 G. W. Downs, Beyond the Debate on Collective Security, in Downs, G. W. De), Collective Security beyond the Cold War, ( USA: University of Michigan Press, 1994), up. 1-17. Spectrum is also due to the nature of security threats. States ally to increase their security against perceived threats. 19 In any particular balance of power system, there are usually groups of states that share to some extent an assessment of those threats. States face two kinds of threats in general. 20 The first is usually the reason for which stat es Join their forces in the first place, I. E. An external threat from a potential aggressor who is not part of the group. The second threat is of a more insidious but often Just as dangerous nature, namely, an internal threat from a member of the group itself that betrays its friends and uses force against them. The first form of collective security is best illustrated by the alliance system. An alliance functions as a collective body that defends its members from security threats directed from outside. Thus it includes the concept of collective defense as well. Moreover, although an alliance is focused on external threats, the security is collective for its members. On the other hand, the best illustration of security arrangements countering internal threats coming from members of a collective security body is the security community. 21 Collective security rests on the notion of one for all and all for one. Here, the question of why states come together for collective security can be argued is clear enough. It is because they share the same threat perceptions against which they think they will be better-off if they act together. Yet, the question of how they perceive the same threat is not that clear. This brings us to the issue of identity-building. Identification is considered a social concept. 22 The process of identity formation is of a kind that develops within a social unit. Any identification requires a distinction Just as any 19 See K. Waltz, Theory of International Politics, ( Reading: Addison Wesley, 1979) and also S. Walt, The Origins of Alliance , ( Ithaca: Cornel, 1987) 20 See for details S. Weber, Does NATO have a future 7, in Crawford, B. (De), The Future 21 This concept was first introduced by Van Wagner, and later in 1957 developed by Karl Deutsche with theoretical arguments . For the views of Dutch, see particularly E. Adler, Rupees New Security Order: A Pluralistic Security Community, and P. W. Schultz, Competing for European Security: The SEC, NATO and the European Community in a Changing International Environment, both in Crawford, B. (De), The Future of European Security, (Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, 1992). 22 A. N. Hurdles, Bravura Kim ¤inn LOL#lam eve Tark Gimlet in Atilt Realer (De) Trisky eve Bravura, (Ankara: image Active, 1997) p. 18. 6 distinction necessitates some identification 23 . This brings us to the self/other dichotomy. The self is identified in relation to its position visa- ¤-visa the other 24 . In other words, all identities exist only with their otherness. Without the other, the self actually cannot know either itself or the world because meaning is created in discourse where consciousness meets. 25 Identification is of an exclusionary nature for the non-identified. In other words, in the identification of a group of people as a community, this unit is externalities of or disassociated from the values, myths, symbols, attitudes and mores of those (non-identified) with whom the unit does not identify itself. 6 It is also argued that the existence or the perception of threats from the other inevitably strengthens the identity of the self. 27 The formation of the self is inextricably intertwined with the formation of its others and a failure to regard the others in their own right must necessarily have repercussions for the formation of the self. 28 Identity is the key element of a cognitive regi on. Shared self-definitions create internalized norms that allow people from different countries to know each other better and thus respond more effectively to the common concerns. What constitutes the basis for collective security arrangements is therefore the mutual responsiveness developed out of answers to the questions of who I am and who the other is. In other words, it is the collective identity, which lays the ground for a sound collective security. The importance of identities can thus be summarized as follows: common identities help to establish a security whose existence, I. E. Elective security, proves that members share common identities. A. N. Hurdles, International Relations and the Philosophy of History: a Civilization Approach, ( London: MacMillan, forthcoming), p. 105. 24 K. Krause, Critical Theory and Security Studies, Cooperation and Conflict, Volvo (33)3, 1998, p. 312.. 25 Hurdles, pop. Cit. , in note 22, p. 107. 27 Hurdles, , pop. Cit. , in note 21, p. 21 . 28 Neumann, pop. Cit. , p. 35. 7 In view of the foregoing, one can easily understand that collective identities and shared values as well as shared understandings as regards threat perceptions are of significant importance for the creation of a workable collective security arrangement. The identity issue entered into International Relations full fledged with the critical theories, such as constructivism. However, mainstream approaches 29 also acknowledge identity. But, how it differs from the constructivist approach is that it presumes to know priori what the self-being is defined as. The state as a unit is assumed to have a single identity, across time and space whereas constructivism assumes that the selves, or identities, of states are variable, they likely depend on historical, cultural, political and social context 30 . Accordingly, as regards the object of security, the constructivist approach questions how the object of security is constructed according to threat perceptions. Here, the argument that discourses of threat are constitutive of the object to be secured relates to the question of how such threats are identified. In view of the foregoing, one can see that constructivism helps better explain collective security formations that are constitutive of collective identities. Thus, sound collective security arrangements are forms of collective identity that exclude each other on the basis of their distinctiveness. Here, it can be argued that those security regimes could not establish a collective identity against a common threat. In other words, the selves in hose organizations did not come together against a common other. In the Cold War era, the other was the East for the West and vice versa, although members of both Blocs remained in the same global security regime, the I-JNI. Therefore, their stay in the UN was not due to the creation of a common identity but due to a felt need. IMPACT OF THE POST-COLD WAR The post-Cold War has had a considerable impact on this state of affairs. The end of the Cold War, which for almost half a century had been the symbol of division in Europe, was marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall on October 3rd 1989. The fall of the Berlin wall meant also the collapse of the ideological walls which had divided Europe for so many years. The end of the Cold War even raised questions regarding the necessity of NATO as military alliances normally dissolve once their common enemy has been defeated. However, , 31 See for details, particularly A. Bennett, and J. Leopold, Reinventing Collective Security After the Cold War, Political Science Quarterly, Volume 18, Issue 2, 1993. 32 Ibid. With the rise of non-conventional and asymmetric security threats this was proven not to be the case 33 . What is new in this sense is the effect of globalization on these threats. Today, in a world where things have increasingly become more transnational and interdependent, owing to the effects of globalization, any incident in a country or in region, be it a terrorist act or an ethnic conflict, poses threats to other areas due to the domino effect. As a corollary to this, threats that transcend borders happen to affect security more rapidly, more severely in an ever-expanding magnitude with spill-over effects. These threats inevitably necessitate collective responses as they affect almost all states in one way or another. In such an environment, Europe in particular and the world in general have dinettes several hot conflicts and wars in Just one decade in the post-Cold War era, which amounts to more than occurred in the whole course of the Cold War years. The European continent, which had been free from wars since the end of World War II, once again became a continent of conflict and death with a wars that erupted in its very midst, like in the territories of the former Yugoslavia or in its vicinity, or like the Caucasus or elsewhere like in the Middle East, I. E. The Gulf war. In view of this, one can argue that the basic premises of mainstream scholarship, such as anarchical setting, power politics based on national interests, etc. , are still present in the world affairs. True, mainstream scholarship failed to anticipate the end of the Cold War. But, the world order, which has replaced the Cold War era, still proves the validity of mainstream scholarship. States act in pursuit of preservation of their interests and of protection of their 33 Asymmetric threat is defined as a threat that can cause harm in bigger magnitude than its size. Such threats vary from international terrorism, ethnic conflicts and religious fundamentalism through organized crime, drug trafficking, and proliferation f weapons of mass destruction to mass migrations, environmental disasters, poverty etc. See Irked, S. , 11 Elll 2001: Terrorizing Yen Milady, Strategic Animal, Sally 18, Skim 2001. Asymmetric threat is also defined as a threat that does not follow the rules of fair warfare including surprise attacks, as well as warfare with weapons used in an unconventional manner. See www. Rand. Org/news links/terrorism. .NET. 10 security in the face of both conventional and non-conventional security threats. However, the main question here is how they gather support from other states for such policies and how legitimacy is attained for them. In fact, the turnaround effects of such security threats help states gather the support of like-minded states and act collectively to protect their security against such threats. Collective security arrangements have been seriously proposed after every large- scale war, such as the Napoleonic Wars, World War l, and World War II. The end of the Cold War followed the same path both in academic and state circles. In this regard, naturally the I-IN, being the only global organization for collective security, has been called upon several times. In the post-Cold War era, the UN Security Council has adopted a series of resolutions availing itself of the right to humanitarian through a number of experiences as witnessed in various wars and fights such as that of the Gulf, Bosnia and Somalia. 4 Despite this gradual progress in fulfilling its task of collective security, the UN faced a deadlock during the Spooks crisis in 1999. Due to Russia and Chinas objection to a military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the UN could not reach a decision authorizing the formation of a military force with the Security Council mandate and this implicitly left it up to NATO to take the responsibility . In light of these one can see that even in the post-Cold War era the UN system has maintained the inertia it derives from its organizational set-up. This can be attributed to the following: In the post-Cold War era, although one of the Blocs disappeared, it was evident that at least the old leader of the East , I. E. Russia on the one hand and the USA together with the rest of the Western Bloc on the other, continued to regard each other as other. This was because they have not been able create a collective identity (self), as they could not define a common threat (other) either. See for details C. Gaucherie, International Law and the War in Spooks, Survival, , Volume 41, No: 2, Summer 1999. POST-SEPTEMBER 11 ERA The world that embarked on a new millennium with these important shifts in international affairs in general and in the collective security field in particular, was unable to avoid the tragedy of September 1 lath. The terrorist attacks of September 1 1 have changed many, if not all, parameters in world affairs, and has important repercussions for security in a variety of ways and the approach to collective security is no exception to this. In the wake of the terrorist attacks, NATO allies lined up Enid the US and in an unprecedented display of support and solidarity they invoked, on 12 September 2001, Article 5 of the Washington Treaty of the Alliance, the core clause of collective defense, for the first time in the history of the Alliance. 35 This decision seems to have constituted a dramatic shift in the conceptualization of what forms hard and soft security issues. First, it was bitterly confirmed that terrorism is one of the most dangerous non-conventional asymmetric security threats. Similarly, it was also confirmed that terrorists can easily access weapons of ass destruction. More importantly, with the invocation of Article 5 and the military operation directed against the al-Qaeda terrorist network and its sanctuary the Taliban regime, it has become clear that the fight against terrorism, which was always regarded as a matter of soft security, would also require hard security measures, including military ones, in the post-September 1 1 era. In this context, one can argue that the September 11 terrorist attacks have provided a conducive atmosphere for the creation of a new other, I. E. Common enemy. This was

Comparing the Peace Brought on by Asoka and Augustus essays

Comparing the Peace Brought on by Asoka and Augustus essays Both Asoka in India and Augusta in Rome brought a period of peace through their rule as emperors. These periods of peace were both implicated after military victory. Asoka, conquered new lands for ancient India, but unlike Augustus saw the horror and destruction his war brought. After seeing what his actions had caused, Asoka converted to Buddhism and instituted a series of religious edicts which were to ensure the peace and prosperity of his nation. Augustus, on the other hand, believed that peace was a natural part of military victory. Unlike Asoka, who saw his military conquests as a corruption of peace, Augustus believed that peace could only be achieved and sustained through military might. Asoka was the son of the famous Bindusara and ruled over India from 269 to 232 B.C.E. The beginning of his reign followed suit with his predecessors. He set out to conquer neighboring kingdoms at the expense of the peace and prosperity of his own people. After ruling violently over India and seeing the destruction his conquests caused, Asoka converted to Buddhism. The conquest of Kalinga changed Asokas bloodthirsty ways. There, he personally witnessed how his warfare was making the common people utterly miserable. Part of his conversion was to ensure peace within his Kingdom in remembrance of the foul deeds he had done which caused so much pain and suffering (Noss 189). He instituted a series of religious edicts, called the Rock and Pillar Edicts, which were Buddhist teachings that he now used as mandates for the rule of the people, To this end I have issued proclamations on Dharma, and I have instituted various kinds of moral and religious instruction, (Rock and Pillar Edic ts 153). Asoka believed that his people should be united, and should practice piety and common law; let them store up merit toward rebirth in a paradise hereafter, (Noss 190). Asoka used his government to implement his new found rel...

How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Checklist

How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Checklist Let’s face it- there’s nothing sexy about on page SEO. It’s probably the most clinical part of the whole SEO process. Compared to scoring a great link from a top site like USAToday.com or CNN.com or having your content go viral  and hit the front page of Reddit, on-page SEO is downright boring. But if you don’t give make it a priority, your site will never reach its full potential. Now, you might be thinking on page SEO is all about keyword density [Editor’s note: hopefully, no one out there is still worried about keyword density] and meta tags and that you know everything there is to know about all that. But here’s the thing- Google’s algorithms are continuously evolving and what worked just a year or two ago might not work now as we head into 2017. Long gone are the days where shoving a keyword in your title and throughout the article was enough to land you on page one of the search results. Today, you have to consider things like  Google’s Hummingbird algorithm  that takes into account synonyms and context, the evolution of semantic search,  Google’s shift towards mobile-first indexing, user experience, and a whole lot more. In short, on-page SEO is more intricate than ever before. That’s why I’ve put together this checklist you can use when creating content to audit your page and make sure it’s primed to bring in as much organic search engine traffic as possible. How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Awesome ChecklistDownload Your Free On-Page SEO Checklist and Template Bundle Improve your SEO efforts with these free resources: An On-Page SEO Checklist to ensure every piece of content you publish is thoroughly optimized. A Keyword Research Template for storing keyword ideas and data. An SEO Rank Tracking Template for measuring your search engine ranking success. Start By Targeting the Right Keywords Keywords are still the foundation of on-page SEO. While stuffing a bunch of keywords into your content is no longer a tactic that yields optimal results, keywords do still matter. Keywords do still matter. #SEOThere are several great tools out now that make it easy to discover relevant keyword ideas and that offer a ton of useful metrics about those terms. Personally, I’ve used the keyword explorer tools from both  Ahrefs  and  Moz, and have found them each to be excellent at helping me generate blog ideas. You can learn more about other keyword research tools  here  in a previous post on this blog, so I won’t waste your time discussing all of the different tools out there. Quick Tips for Choosing the Right Keywords While I’m going to spend most of my time discussing the specifics of how to use keywords properly for better on page SEO, it’s important to make sure you’re actually choosing the right keywords that will attract the type of searchers you want. With that in mind, here are a few simple keyword research tips to guide you. Recommended Reading: How to Improve Your Keyword Research With Latent Semantic Indexing 1 ) Get Better Results By Using Multiple Tools I mentioned above that I’m a fan of both Ahrefs and Moz’s keyword research tools. Additionally, I’ll typically poke around on the Google AdWords  keyword planner  tool,  Ubersuggest, and other tools when doing my research. Why do I use multiple keyword research tools? Because they each have their own strengths and weaknesses and they each pull from different sources to come up with their keyword suggestions. By pulling from multiple sources, you can get a more rounded list of keywords to target, allowing you to better reach your target audience. #SEO Tip: Use multiple #keyword #research tools.2 ) Identify the Potential of a Keyword Not all keywords are created equal. You need to prioritize your keywords based on which ones have the most potential. To do this, you’ll have to consider a few different factors: What’s the search volume of the keyword? How competitive is the keyword? What’s the searcher’s intent (i.e. will this attract the type of person I want?)? How important is this keyword to my business’s and website’s success? 3 ) Group Keywords Together Based On Relevance and Intent Typically whenever I create a new page, I have three or four  keywords I’m trying to target. It’s hard to effectively target any more than that in a single blog post or landing page. The best way to group keywords is by relevance and searcher intent. The best way to group keywords is by relevance and searcher intent.What does that mean? It means the keywords need to be closely related to one another. For example, someone searching for â€Å"basketball highlights† might also search for things like â€Å"nba highlights† or â€Å"nba scores.† They’re all related. The keywords focus on the same topic, and they match a common intent of the searcher. 4 ) Understand That  Keyword Research is an Ongoing Process Keyword research for a page shouldn’t be treated as a one-time task. It’s something you should be regularly revisiting and tweaking to maximize results. Keyword research is an ongoing process.Using Google Search Console can help you see which queries people are searching that bring up your website in the search results. This is an excellent source of data for finding new keyword opportunities for existing pages on your site, so you can bolster your search engine presence. Know How To Use Keywords Appropriately Now, let’s talk about the different places you can use your keywords and some best practices for doing so. 1 ) Include Your Primary Keyword in the  URL In September 2012, Google rolled out its â€Å"EMD Update† that was designed to reduce the weight of exact match domain names that were ranking well simply because they had a keyword in the root domain name. While having an exact match domain isn’t necessarily a strong signal to Google anymore and you’re probably better off choosing a domain name that’s easy to brand, having keywords in the URL extension of content you publish on your site (e.g. www.yoursitename.com/target-keyword) is still a wise best practice. In an interview  at the beginning of 2016, Google’s John Mueller said that keywords in the URL are still a â€Å"very small ranking factor.† My advice? If you’re able to include the target keyword of the page in the URL without it being too long or looking spammy, go for it, but don’t force it. A good URL is one that’s descriptive, and in most cases, using your target keyword will fit the bill, quickly describing what the page is about. A good URL is one that’s descriptive.2 ) Include Keywords in Title Tags Title tags used to play a big role in determining search engine placement. In the old days, you could stuff your title tags with a few keywords and increase your page’s chance of ranking. While Google has obviously caught onto that trick and decreased the importance of exact match keywords in titles (they’ve even stopped bolding phrases in titles that match the search query), it’s still a best practice to include them in your title tags. They send another signal to Google as to what your page is about and can improve click through rates by letting searchers know your page is relevant. Generally, it’s a good idea to put the keyword at the beginning of your title.  Tests have shown  that placing the keyword at the front of the title could be beneficial for ranking better and getting more clicks. Tests show placing #keywords in the beginning of title tags can help rankings. #SEO3 )  Headline and Subheads (H1, H2, H3, etc.) Using your keyword in headlines and subheadings throughout the page is a smart SEO practice for a couple of reasons. First, when you use your keywords in headlines and subheadings, it helps Google better understand what your content is about so that it can classify it properly for relevant search queries. While it’s debatable exactly how much just adding your keyword to an H1 or H2 tag influences rankings on its own, there’s another important facet to consider. By building a great headline  around a target keyword you’ll naturally influence the anchor text (and surrounding text) other sites use when linking to that content, which absolutely can have a significant effect on your rankings. Recommended Reading: How to Boost Traffic With 34 SEO Tips You Need to Know (+ Free Kit) 4 ) Incorporate Keyword Phrases Directly Into Your  Content Optimizing the body of your page for your targeted keywords is a balancing act. Using a keyword too much leads to over-optimization, making your page look spammy and negatively affecting your rankings. On the other hand, it is a good idea to make sure your content has some mentions of your targeted keywords and synonyms since Google now recognizes synonyms. Many experts suggest having the first keyword occurrence within the first 100 words  of the content as a signal of relevancy. #SEO Tip: Include your primary keyword within your first 100 words of content.While I’m not an advocate of obsessing over keyword density (there’s no such thing as a major keyword density), it’s not a bad idea to use a plugin like Yoast  or a tool like Moz’s On-Page Grader  to get some useful analysis of your keyword usage. Both tools do a good job at digging through your text and offering feedback on whether you’ve used your keyword too little, too much, or an acceptable amount. Don't obsess over keyword density. #SEOOne more point to consider when it comes to your on-page content is page length. Numerous tests have found  that Google tends to prefer long-form content. In fact, a study by Backlinko found that the average word count of a Google first page result is a whopping 1,890 words. There are a few theories about why Google prefers longer content. One theory is that long, in-depth content shows Google that a lot of thought was put into your page and that it’s a detailed resource searchers will likely find useful. There’s also the idea that simply having that much text will naturally give Google the ability to better understand your content’s topic, allowing you to rank more effectively. And finally, long-form content tends to get more social shares, which can signal Google that your page is well-received and worth ranking highly. Did you know long-form content tends to drive more #social shares?5 ) Include Keywords Within Image  Alt Tags An â€Å"alt† tag is used to describe what an image depicts. A descriptive, keyword-rich alt tag can help that image rank better in Google Image Search, and some would argue that it could help the whole page rank better for the search term by better allowing the search engine to understand the topic of text surrounding the image. Google offers a great guide to using images  on your website, and suggests â€Å"creating useful, information-rich content that uses keywords appropriately and in context.† In other words, don’t just stuff keywords in your alt tags. Make them truly descriptive and helpful, while naturally integrating the target keyword. 6 ) Write Compelling  Meta Descriptions The meta description is the short snippet that search engines sometimes use in the search results to let users know what your page is about before they click it. I say â€Å"sometimes† because Google is increasingly ignoring meta descriptions and instead just displaying a short snippet of text from the actual content on the page. While meta description tags haven’t been a ranking factor for a long time, I still recommend filling them out when creating your pages and incorporating your keyword into them. Why? While this won’t improve the ranking of your page, it could help improve click through rates. In cases where Google actually displays your description tag, a visitor who sees a snippet that includes the exact term they were searching for, which will be bolded, may be likelier to click on your website as it will appear relevant to their needs. Recommended Reading: How to Attract an Audience With The Best Blog Photography Tips (+128 Free Images) Other Important On-Page SEO Factors Keywords aren’t the only thing you need to look at as on page SEO is concerned. Here are a few other important factors that may influence your rankings. 1 ) Test Your Page Load Speed As Google continues its mission to make the internet more user-friendly, it has begun factoring load time into its algorithm. In fact, page load time may end up being one of the biggest ranking factors (which is a main reason why Google is instituting Accelerated Mobile Pages,  or AMP†¦ more on that later). So what can you do to increase load time on page? Here are a few things to get you started. Use a CDN.  Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) cache your site in data centers across the world. It then serves the site to visitors from the location closest to them. The result? Ultra fast load times and less bandwidth usage. This is a bit technical and requires third party help. Check out a company like Cloudflare  to get started. Reduce the size of   images.  A while back, one of our posts hit the front page of Reddit. The influx of traffic really started to affect site performance around the time about 1000 people were on site. So I called my hosting provider and they pointed out that the featured image on the post was massive and was taking up quite a bit of resources to load for each visitor. So I deleted the image and things sped up considerably. For a more permanent solution, I recommend optimizing images throughout your site using something like EWWW Image Optimizer. Look at your plugins.  If you’re using WordPress, plugins can make your life pretty easy. There are so many useful plugins that you can pretty much build a top-tier site without knowing jack squat about coding. However, some of those fancy plugins, such as sliders and social counters, can load Javascript libraries and CSS files across your site or can hit the database every time a page loads. The result? Things slow down considerably. Try something like P3  to learn which of your plugins are using the most resources. To check your page speed, I recommend you use Google’s PageSpeed Insights Tool. Not only does it show you how fast your pages load on both mobile and desktop, but it also gives you detailed recommendations on how to increase performance. Recommended Reading: How to Make an SEO Content Strategy That Will Improve Your Results By 248% 2 ) Make Your Site Mobile-Friendly Now that more people are searching with mobile devices, Google is moving to a mobile-first index, meaning it will primarily look at the mobile version of your page to rank it. The good news is that if you’ve built a mobile version of your site, or use a responsive theme, then you’re already on the right path. And if you’re following best practices for on-page SEO, you’re well on your way to properly optimizing your mobile pages, especially if your site loads quickly. #SEO Tip: Make sure your site is mobile-friendly.However, there are a few additional steps you need to take to make sure your pages are friendly to mobile users. Consider implementing AMP.  When it comes to speed, Google’s Accelerated Mobile Pages are as fast as it gets. And while implementing AMP won’t guarantee you higher rankings, it can give you the edge against other sites. And if nothing else, it could get you in the AMP carousel at the top of mobile results, which can get you more clicks. Of course, the full AMP discussion would take more than a little bullet point here, so I recommend you spend some time  reading up  before trying to implement them. Lose the pop-ups. While pop-up opt-in forms are a great way  to increase signups for your email lists, they’re brutal for mobile users on tiny screens (have you tried clicking one of those tiny X’s?). That’s why Google says it will begin penalizing sites using these pop-ups after the New Year. I recommend disabling them on mobile devices Think â€Å"easy to click.†Ã‚  Those X buttons on pop-up forms aren’t the only thing that’s difficult to press on a mobile screen. So make sure your page is put together in a way where everything is easy to click. For example, make sure your buttons render large enough to click. Don’t use Flash. And finally, for the love of all things holy, if you’re still using Flash, stop. Not only does it load terribly slow, but it won’t work on all mobile devices. If special effects are necessary, opt for HTML5. Is your blog or website optimized for mobile #SEO?3 ) Understand Internal Linking Best Practices If you’re not linking properly in your posts, then you’re missing out. The perfectly optimized page will have a good mix of both inbound and outbound links. Inbound links are important to make your site both easy to navigate, and easy for Google to crawl. And according to Moz, it’s great for â€Å"spreading link juice† across your site. I recommend linking internally whenever relevant, within reason of course. For a good example of internal linking, check out one of my sites, CutCableToday.com, a resource for finding legal ways to watch television without cable. Notice how, while we link out to deals on the home page, we also internally link to relevant pages when the opportunity presents itself. Recommended Reading: The Simple 10-Step Guide to Better Search Engine Ranking for Writers For example, when the page mentions watching a specific channel like ESPN, which we happen to have a landing page for, then we link to that page internally. This helps Google find our â€Å"Watch ESPN† page,  and gets users to click deeper into the site- all great for SEO and usability. However, internal links are only part of the equation. You also want to periodically link out to other sites, as they help search engines determine the theme of your page and help you build relationships with other sites. More importantly, outgoing links can have positive effects on SEO, as it increases your authority when done properly. A few things to keep in mind as you do this: Link out to reputable pages. That means high domain authority and page authority. Consider contacting sites to let them know you linked. This is a great way to network and get backlinks and social shares. Don’t go overboard. Doing so can send traffic away and frustrate your readers. Nofollow outbound affiliate links. Affiliate links, especially in excess, can make your site seem spammy to search engines. By nofollowing these links (add rel=†nofollow† to the code) you’ll prevent Google from crawling the links, in effect making them seem invisible and negating their effects on SEO. And a final word on linking: make sure you routinely check for broken links. Broken links send your users to 404 error pages. This  results in poor user experience, which can make users bounce and ultimately hurt your search rankings. Screaming Frog's SEO Spider is a popular freemium SEO tool that can help with this task. #SEO Tip: fix your broken links!4 )  Understand Page Age and Authority How long your page has been around can affect how high it ranks. There are a lot of factors here, such as higher page authority over time, more backlinks, etc. With that in mind, it’s important to note that sometimes you might want to revamp an older page rather than create a new one. Doing so can potentially push older pages up the search results faster than newer versions. So how can you revamp old content? Change the date.  I’ve personally seen old pages rise in search rankings simply by changing the â€Å"last updated† or â€Å"publish† date. This is the quickest change you can make, hands down. Refresh the content.  This can be adding new info, rewriting the introduction, adding new sections ... whatever makes the most sense to bring that old page up to date. Think about why people are searching.  Look at the current top ranked pages and ensure that your page matches the intent of the searcher even better than those. Recommended Reading: The Skyscraper Technique May Actually Improve Your Content Marketing 5 ) Optimize Images for Search Engines If you’ve read up to this point, you already know that any images you include on your page need to have descriptive, keyword-rich anchor text. But did you know that simply including images on your pages can generate more shares and more page views? The result? Increased social shares and traffic could make your page more valuable and trustworthy in the eyes of Google, leading to improved rankings. Just make sure that every image you include serves a purpose, enhances the user experience, and loads quickly. 6 ) Keep Your Bounce Rate Low For years, SEO experts have been debating whether or not bounce rate affects a website’s ranking. In other words, if someone comes to a page on your website through Google and clicks away from your website without going deeper into it, does that send a signal to Google that your page is providing a poor user experience? Some tests  have said high bounce rates don’t necessarily impact Google rankings, while  others have found  that â€Å"low bounce rates are strongly associated with higher Google rankings.† How can we make sense of it all? It’s important to remember that correlation does not imply causation. Just because pages that rank well tend to have lower bounce rates, doesn’t necessarily mean that bounce rate is a ranking factor. However, we do know that Google wants to provide searchers with the most relevant, useful, and engaging content available. #SEO Tip: remember that correlation does not imply causation.So, at the very least, you should do what you can to lower your bounce rate, keep visitors on site longer, and provide the best possible user experience. Make On-Page SEO a Priority Every Time With so many factors that go into on page SEO, it can be tempting to neglect certain key tasks or to cut corners. But never forget that moving up even a single spot in the search results can drastically increase your clicks. My hope is you'll use this on page SEO checklist as a guide to optimize every piece of content you put on your site so you can put yourself in the best position for success.

Midterm Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Midterm - Term Paper Example This concept of state could have led the division of the whole world into states which triumph as a form of political organization. Although they could be universal they could not clearly be the only political actors due to impacts of organizations, for example, International Monetary Fund and the Microsoft. The political process comprises of establishing the priorities and the scale of policies, goals values and interests within and among political communities. The nature and quality development of, political community, varies due to how differences in potential values, interests and values could be handled. This could be through rules, institutions and procedures. The creative tension between conflicting interests, values, interest and preferences could distinguish the political communities. On the other hand, there could be consensus and communal ties on orientation and key features of political community. The work of the democratic process would be to find a balance between the t wo sides of the equation. A life or death situation could emerge through debates and different views on cases of the political community. The emergence could be evoked in times of war or during external or internal attacks among the member of a community. The threat to the community could be true although total consensus could be maintained before the essence of real danger. This could reveal how dictatorship was born thousands of the year back. The birth of dictatorship could be justified today by the imposition of a single opinion on various issues at the end of a real political community. If the conflicts systematically predominate, over the agreement on primary goals and procedures the political community becomes inefficient and could be threatened by a breakdown. Past and current experience could have taught other way of domestic political order to dynamic function of democracy. LIST B: QUESTION 1 AGE OF THE EMPIRE Huntley (22) refers to the period between 1875 and 1914 as the Age of the Empire. This is not only due to the fact that a new strain of imperialism emerged during this time, but also because of a very archaic reason. It was period during which the number of rulers who viewed themselves (officially) or viewed by western scholars as worthy of the â€Å"emperor† tag was the highest. In Europe the rulers of Austria, Germany, Turkey, Russia and (in their glory as rulers of India) Britain laid claim to this title. Of the five, India/Britain and Germany emerged in the 1870s, and they more than made up for the decline and disappearance of Napoleon’s â€Å"Second Empire†. Outside Europe, rulers of Japan, Persia, China and- maybe with a broader attribute of global diplomatic courtesy- Morocco and Ethiopia were gradually allowed this tag, while up until 1899 Brazil had an American emperor. By 1987, Japan was the only country that could still be said to have a super-monarch, but its political influence and profile had already waned sig nificantly (Huntley 39). The military and economic supremacy of capitalist nations had lacked serious challengers for a very long time, but there were no planned attempts made to extend this to formal annexation, administration and conquest between the latter years of the 18th century and the last 25 years of the 19th century. However, from 1880 to 1914 they were made, and a majority of countries

Motivation Theories and How It Affects Employees' Commitment and Essay

Motivation Theories and How It Affects Employees' Commitment and Performance at Work - Essay Example From this study it is clear that   businesses should motivate its workforce not only for them to commit and perform but also to keep them in the organisation. Keeping valuable employees motivated in an organisation is not only intended to make them commit and perform but also to keep them over the long haul. The most common notion about motivation is to shower them with fat paychecks but this proved to be inadequate in keeping employees motivated. As what organisational theorists have reported, committing employees to perform towards a common goal involves an interplay of various factors that involves not only remuneration, but also the social and psychological dimensions of work that keep employees productive. Several business organisations even went as far as integrating play with work not only to keep their employees committed and productive, but also to induce creativity in the workplace which proved to be beneficial to a company’s diversification drive such as the case of Google. These various motivation theories shall be discussed in this paper and we will also tackle how these theories affect performance in today’s competitive environment. According to the discussion the classical theorists of motivation a. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management Taylor first conceived the idea that workers are mainly motivated solely by wage. He posited that management has to possess the control and knowledge of the methods of production so that it would have a greater control of achieving efficiency in an organisation that includes motivating its workforce. For Taylor, the breaking up functions into small quantifiable tasks is necessary to make the time-piece rate pay possible that will encourage employees to work harder if they can see that they are being paid with more work. This theory assumed that employees are more motivated with more pay and confined motivation to solely addressing the economic needs of a business org anisation’s employees.

Bismarck in the year 1894 Essay Example for Free

Bismarck in the year 1894 Essay Source: Bismarck. Des eisernen Kanzlers Leben in annà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hernd 200 seltenen Bildern nebst einer Einfà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrung. Herausgegeben von Walter Stein. Im Jahre des 100. Geburtstags Bismarcks und des groà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½en Krieges 1915. Hermann Montanus, Verlagsbuchhandlung Siegen und Leipzig 1) How did the Germans get the Empire they wanted by 1890? Germany appeared as an Empire after the Franco-Prussian war in 1871. Otto Van Bismarck, Prussian Chancellor since 1862, knew that to unify an Empire, several aspects had to be organized. He became German Chancellor in 1871 and set up a constitution on the same year. With this, powers were separated into three different branches: The Kaiser, The Chancellor and the two Chambers. He also sought to control opposition. The Church was controlled with the May Laws (Falk) and the Kulturkampf. For socialists he passed the enabling law (1878) to control them, and several insurances to favour them. Bismarck also believed that an Empire ought to have colonies for industrial development. In 1789, he had to bring tariffs so as to raise money for his foreign policy. By passing the constitution, Bismarck was successful in separating the powers. The most powerful one was the Kaiser. The first Kaiser was William I (former King of Prussia). He was the maximum authority in Germany. He had full control of the army and navy and decided whether the country was at war or made peace treaties with other countries. He also appointed all the Ministers in the Empire. This was helpful for Bismarck since he was appointed Chief Minister (Chancellor) of the German Empire. He was very influential with the Kaiser, he controlled him. As he could do as he liked, it later allowed him to dominate the German Empire. The German parliament consisted of two Chambers: The Bundesrat and the Reichstag. The first one mentioned, was conformed of 58 delegates appointed by States representatives. As 14 votes were needed to reject measures and 17 delegates were Prussian, this house was controlled by her. The Reichstag was elected by the universal manhood suffrage. It was a much more democratic system than the Bundersrat and represented citizens. However, it was controlled by the Bundersrat. This house was also controlled by Prussian superiority, since half of its members were Prussian. Controlling the opposition was certainly something that Bismarck intended to do. Bismarck followed a centripetal (centralizing) policy. He thought that people had to work in things related to the Empire. On the other hand, the Catholic Church followed a centrifugal (going away from the centre) policy. The Church looked for foreign countries, so Bismarck decided to attack it. Bismarck supported the German Catholic teachers who didnt agree (Old Catholics) with the idea of Papal Infallibity (1870). The Church intended to promote actions of the New Catholics, who followed the new doctrine. To solve this problem, Bismarck organized a campaign by the State against the Church known as the Kulturkampf. He was supported by the National Liberals while the Church was supported by the Centre Party. This campaign separated state and church affairs: Jesuits were expelled from Germany; German schools controlled by State inspectors, in 1874 Marriage had to take place before government-appointed officials. In May 1873-74-75, Falk, the Minister of Church Affairs, introduced the May (Falk) laws. This brought several changes as regards the Church: the Church was forbidden to excommunicate old priests publicly, before starting priestly studies, people had to study at a state university and pass an examination, the state now accepted or neglected teaching posts to clergymen, Catholic educative establishments had to accept inspections by state officials and all religious orders were dissolved. The Social Democratic Party (SDP) set up in 1869 owned by 1877, 12 seats in the Reichstag. In 1878, when the attempts of killing the Kaiser took place, Bismarck decided to blame the Socialists. To obtain control of them, he passed the Enabling Law (1878). This Law, allowed the government to declare a state emergency if necessary. It also forbade Socialist publications. Over 1500 Socialists were arrested in 1878. However, Bismarck realized he could not cope with the Socialists. He gave several insurances to them since his intention was to get popular support. Workers were insuranced against sickness (1883), against accidents at work (1884) and were given old age pensions (Jubilacià ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n) in 1889. By 1879, Bismarck realized that he needed money badly for his foreign policy. He intended to have a better equipped army, a Civil service needed to run the Empire and for the social welfare. He knew that if he asked the Reichstag to impose new taxes, he would give the Chamber more power than what he wanted to give. He then decided to apply a system of protective tariffs which would help him to obtain money. Bismarck knew that Germany needed colonies to enhance its industrial development, in spite of possibly annoying Britain that could harm Germany in the future with the loss of Alsace and Lorraine. By promoting colonial expansions, Germany could obtain raw materials, markets for German goods and a living space (Lebensraum) for the growing population. In 1882, Bismarck intended to acquire colonies by forming a Colonial Union. Finally, in 1884, the major Powers agreed on a division of Africa. Germany obtained: South West Africa, Togoland and the Cameroons (1885), the naval base of Holigoland (1890) and obtained German East Africa with an agreement with Britain on the same year. Germany could be an Empire by 1890 due to Bismarcks achievements. He succeeded in organizing the empire by separating powers. He could control opposition since as he could dominate the Kaiser he could do as he pleased. He passed laws for the Socialists and the Church that allowed Germany to be a unified Empire. His intention was organizing Germany since he knew that for an Empire to be unified, it first had to be organized. His goal was finally achieved but he was forced to resign in 1890.

Dc Machine :: essays research papers

2a. i) Startup of a linear DC machine: Startup of a linear DC machine: (See Fig 1.1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The switch is closed which allows current to flow. The current flows thought the bar, which is given Kirhhoff’s voltage law. Note: The bar was at rest so eind = 0 I = VB-eind = VB/R   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   R R   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While this current flows thu the there is a magnetic force, which induce a force on the wires. Find = i/B 3. The bar will accelerate. When the the velocity of the bar increase, the voltage appears across the bar find = vBl 4. Thus the increase voltage reduces the current flowing through the bar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I = VB-eind   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   R 5. The result of this action is that eventually the bar will reach a constant steady state speed where the net force on the bar is zero. This happen when eind has risen all the way up to equal the voltage of VB & I=0. At that time the bar will be moving at a speed given by   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vss= VB   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6. The bar will continue to move forever unless some external force disturbs it. Linear DC Motor or Generator ii) Motor Operation (See Fig 1.2) Since the bar was initially at steady state, application of the force Fload motion will result in a force on the bar in the direction opposite the direction of motion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fnet = Fload – Find The resulting acceleration a = Fed/m is negative, so the bar slows down the voltage eind=v Bl falls, and so I=(VB – eind)/R increase The induced force Find = I lB increase until Find = Fload at a lower speed v. An amount of electrical power equal to eindi is now being converted to mechanical power equal to Findv and and the machine is acting as a motor iii) Generator Operation (See Fig 1.2) The concept of a generator is similar to the motor. When (Fig 1.2) moved rapidly it is a generator but when it move slowly it a motor. In a Generator a force is applied in direction of motion. Now the applied force will cause the bar to accelerate in the direction of motion and the velocity of the bar will increase as the velocity increase , eind = v Bl will increase and will be larger than the battery voltage VB.

Organic Foods: Is It Worth It? Essay

Organic foods cost more than regular food, but are they worth it? Is it really better for your health? And are they really more nutritious? Should you buy organic food even though you are a student and has very little money? These are all questions that have probably passed through your mind now that you no longer have your parents to go grocery shopping and cook for you. But because there are no research that can prove that eating organic is healthier, and there is no research that shows that eating regular food is just as healthy, no real answer for your question exists. However, there are some articles like Alex Berger’s â€Å"Organic Foods are a Healthier Alternative† and Nancy Sprague’s â€Å"Counterpoint: Organic Food is Unnecessary and the Current Food Supply is Safe† that can help you make a decision. Alex Berger, the writer of â€Å"Organic Foods are a Healthier Alternative†, however, believes that eating organic food is not only beneficial to one’s health; organic foods also have many other benefits. He says, â€Å"Organic foods tend to be richer in nutrients, perhaps because they are grown in soil with more complex micronutrients. †[1] Gerber then continues to say that organic foods have more than just health and nutritional benefits; it also has environmental benefits and social stability. [2] Berger views organic foods as a friend. Although, they are expensive, they are much healthier, provide much more nutrition, and they also help the environment. The benefits of organic foods outweigh the negativities that were never mentioned in his article. Berber’s argument is truly persuasive. His words makes the reader feel moved to believe that organic food is healthy, such as â€Å"agricultural chemicals may pose a greater risk to some individual. †[3] His threat makes the reader feel scared that eating normal, processed food can harm them, which will lead readers to feel that organic food is the healthier option. Although Berger seems to be a very reliable source, Berger is just a writer with no scientific background except for a PhD in Anthropology, a degree that doesn’t have anything to do with nutrition. This makes him seem to be a rather unreliable source for nutritional advice. Another writer, Nancy Sprague, thinks otherwise. She believes that the food supply that we have now is safe as it is. Organic food is an unnecessary luxury that is expensive and there is no guarantee that it is healthier. She says, â€Å"When food is defined as organic, it simply means that the producer has employed an approved organic food production system—the producer is not guaranteeing the safety or quality of the product. By being misled into believing that buying organic guarantees food safety, consumers are sometimes more likely to be harmed by an organic food than by one purchased from a commercial supplier. †[4]. Sprague views organic food as a luxurious item that she doesn’t need. She argues that there are no research that can prove organic food is healthier. Instead, research have shown that organic food has as many bacteria, vitamins, and etc. as processed food. [5] Sprague’s method of writing easily persuades her readers. Her choice of words scares readers into believing that the organic industry’s goal is to fool their consumers. For example, she says, â€Å"Organic raw mulch is outlawed by many farm bureaus because it is likely to carry pathogens and infectious potential†. In one sentence, Sprague overrides the other sides’ argument that organic food is safer, and points out that instead of being safe, organic food is more likely to carry infectious bacteria. This scares readers into wondering whether or not the organic food industry is lying; and forces readers to think, have I been a fool for trusting the companies’ advertisements all this time? Sprague’s writing style of inflicting fear and doubt into the reader makes readers feel that she is a knowledgeable source. This in turn develops her credibility as an author in nutrition. However, before trusting Sprague completely, readers have to realize that her opinions are very one-sided and they should question their trust in all of her information. Both sides have points that make their side very convincing, both sides have research that proves their points, and both sides have important things to say. However, in the end it is still up you, as the reader, to decide what you want in your food. It is up to you to decide if you want junk food, healthy food, and/ or organic food. But, you have to choose wisely because food has the power to decide your future. Food affects everything from your weight, to your health, and many times it even has the ability to affect your person as a whole. Today, you might be eating a cheeseburger, but tomorrow you might be in the hospital emergency room with a heart attack. This is why a few bad food choices can put your education and, maybe one day, even your life in imminent danger. Overall, what goes into our food is so important that both sides of the argument agree that the government has and needs regulations that force both regular food processors and organic farmers to meet; and that the EPA has and needs their standards to rise continuously to improve our food source. Both authors believe what you put into your mouth is an important issue. But, their beliefs are not enough to change the world. In the end, their belief systems are not the most important thing because you are the one who chooses what you eat. You are the one who has to find the answer. So, please tell me, who are you and which side of the food debate are you on? Bibliography Berger, Adam. â€Å"Point: Organic Foods are a Healthier Alternative. † Points of View Reference Center: EBSCOhost. August 2009. (accessed June 14, 2010). Lindner, Larry. â€Å"Organically Grown Food: Is it Really a Better Choice?. † Environment Complete: EBSCOhost. May 2002. (accessed June 14, 2010). Peterson, Elizabeth. â€Å"Organic Foods: To Buy or Not To Buy?. † Environment Complete: EBSCOhost. October 2004. (accessed June 14, 2010). Sprague, Nancy. â€Å"Counterpoint: Organic Food is Unnecessary & the Current Food Supply is Safe. † Points of View Reference Center: EBSCOhost. 2009. (accessed June 14, 2010). [1] Adam Berger, â€Å"Point: Organic Foods are a Healthier Alternative,† Points of View: Organic Food (August 2009): 2. Points of View Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed June 14, 2010). [2] Adam Berger, â€Å"Point: Organic Foods are a Healthier Alternative,† Points of View: Organic Food (August 2009) [3] Ibid. 2. [4] Nancy Sprague, â€Å"Counterpoint: Organic Food is Unnecessary & the Current Food Supply is Safe,† (2009): 3, Points of View Reference Center: EBSCOhost (accessed June 14, 2010). [5] Ibid.